Gun Ownership And Gun Control Laws - 961 Words

Gun Control No doubt, America is one of the most powerful countries and the world’s economic power, but there are still many social issues that cause numerous debates and urgently need to be solved. For example, the increasing unemployment, racism, inequality and gun control. In recent years, shooting accidents happen frequently in the United States, which causes great concern about gun ownership and use in the whole society. Generally, there are two opposite attitudes towards gun control in the United States. On the one hand, some people firmly urge the government to restrict gun ownership and gun rights in order to avoid gun violence and perfect gun control laws. On the other hand, plenty of people still want to protect their rights to own guns. The United States should put more restriction on gun ownership and use, because safety problems, the high rate of gun-related crime and the loophole of gun control laws. Many people stress that they feel safer when carrying a gun or hiding it in the house. One of the reasons why they expect to own it is just to protect themselves from attacks. If an attack happens, they can protect themselves and their property when they own a perfect self-defense tool. Though their thought is understandable and common, actually, guns bring more harm rather than more protection from the whole perspective. In other words, people are in a more dangerous situation with guns. Trauma found that guns in the home were more likely to be used for gunShow MoreRelatedThe Processing Of Possessing A Gun1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe processing of possessing a gun is pretty easy and it goes by the steps. Processing depends on state because each state has different ways of possessing gun. At first, Many states require a few days to pass between the time a person purchases a gun and the time when they can take possession of the gun. 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Moreover, on 2 Dec, 2015, two suspects those opened fire in a California social serviceRead MoreNo Guns More Crime : Gun Control Laws And Regulations Across The United States1486 Words   |  6 PagesNo Guns More Crime A growing number of states in the US have passed stricter gun policies for citizens to own bare arms. The almighty goal is to have all the guns taken away from gun owners and future gun owners. The policies have adjusted citizens to go through a process just to obtain a gun license or permit. For example, rigorous background checks and sponsorship from law enforcement. This process contradicts the 2nd Amendment from the U.S Constitution. Every American has the constitutional

James Oliver Horton And Lois E. Horton Essay - 1493 Words

In Hope of Liberty embodies a very thorough and complex narrative of Northern free blacks. James Oliver Horton and Lois E. Horton deliver to readers a detailed synthesis of several decades of information that pertains to early American history. The text ventures through social, political, and cultural movements that were occurring before the Civil War era. The Hortons not only demonstrate the importance of black’s presence throughout the text but some of the contribution and the roles that led to such a vibrant culture in America. It s through the analysis of these wonderful sources and experience of free black Northerners, that reader and historians can have a better interpretation and revision of the building of this early nation. The Hortons utilizes several pieces of work from African Americans history throughout the text. Not only does the information draw from historical research’s but from excellent sources. Some of the great primary and secondary sources mention in the text includes, autobiographies, diaries, records, sermon text, newspapers, correspondences, novels and several different other pieces of literature and materials (Hortons pg. V). It is through the use of the many resources that enable readers to have a better understanding of American History and the position blacks within that history. It is the beginning of the first chapter that the first signs of slavery being introduced to the Northerner occurred during the mid-seventeenth century (Hortons pg.Show MoreRelatedThe Stamp Act686 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans were boycotting the British goods along with refusing to use the stamps for stamping documents. A man, Andrew Oliver, was appointed as the distributor of the stamps for Bosto n and entire colony of Massachusetts after the Stamp Act was enacted. An enraged crowd hung Oliver’s effigy and destroyed his house along with everything in it. The following morning the shocked Oliver asked to â€Å"be relieved of his commission as stamp distributor.† It wasn’t long before the next target, Lieutenant GovernorRead MoreThroughout Our Journey In Lps 35 We Have Been Debating1330 Words   |  6 Pagessociety dictated it obsolete has merit as well. There are the two leading theories concerning abolition, and of the duo, society gets a lot more attention due to its easy ability to be observed. Slavery and the Making of America, by James Oliver Horton and Lois E. Horton, fueled my desire to explore the demise of slavery, because it explained in very intricate detail how slavery built the United States. I have, for some time believed that technology was the greatest factor in abolition, but the moreRead MoreIn What Ways Were the Byzantine and Islamic C ivilizations Different from Civilizations Developing in Western Europe? in What Ways Are They Similar?984 Words   |  4 Pagesdispute a [white] man’s word then† (Litwack 448). Overall, some interesting and new information, especially, the landowners’ interaction with the free Negro, was gleaned from reading this book. Horton, James Oliver and Horton, Lois E. Slavery and the Making of America. Oxford University Press, 2005. Print E-Source Review: Black Codes This article was helpful in understanding some of the politics leading up to emancipation and the Black Codes. Because President Johnson supported states’ rights andRead MoreEssay on Black Panther Party2252 Words   |  10 Pagesand ambiguous legacy. Concern with racial identity divided blacks as well as unified them. Leadership competition often led to intense unresolvable arguments about the nature of blackness and about Black American’s situation and condition (Horton, James Oliver 179). The machismo rhetoric and ideological competition of the Black Power campaign blinded many black activists to the importance of nonviolent tactics in any continued mass struggle. Major changes in American life were continued outcomes

Externalities in Business Free Essays

Definition of externalities: Externalities recently became an important and a popular term in the business world, especially with the risen of debates and arguments about the externalities’ costs and benefits, and the ethical issues related to it. Almost everybody deals with an externality everyday but without being aware of it (kaydee, 2008). The simple definition of says that Externality is the effect of an economic transaction which impacts somebody who was not involved in that transaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Externalities in Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now The more complicated definition sates that Externalities can be defined as the different types of effects which impact some parties (individual or entities) as a consequence of other parties’ activities. These effects occur without any choice of the affected party and without taking their interest into account by the affecting party (kaydee, 2008). When any economic trade occurs between two parties, they both benefit from the trade. Sometimes, a third party is being affected as well by this trade, the effect can be a negative effect or a positive one; and these effects are what we call externalities (Anon. nd). For example, if we take any business organization as one party and the customer is the other party, they both have the trade of the organization sells or provide goods or services, and the customer pays to obtain this good or service. However, the society as a whole could be considered as a third party, any external costs the society pays or any external benefits it gai ns from this trade (costs and benefits not included in the market price of the goods or services) are then considered to be an externality. By breaking down this example, the business organization or the customer can be considered to be the affecting party, the society, the third party, is thus will be the affected party, the external costs and benefits are the externalities (Anon. , nd). Types of externalities: There are two types of externalities, the positive type and negative type. The external benefits are always considered to be positive externalities, these benefits affect the outsiders in a positive way, give some advantages and without any payment required. The external costs are considered as negative externalities, these costs affect the outsider negatively, impact them in disadvantageous way, and the outsiders are forced pay these costs without any choice (Jonson, n. d. ). There are lots of examples to clarify each of the two types. The negative externality which is some analysts call it as external costs and some other call it as external diseconomies can be seen in the global warming which is considered to be number one negative externality; the change in the climate came as a result from the emissions of burning the oil, coal and gas. The water pollution as a result of adding poisons to the water or the several contaminated chemicals which are dumped by industrial plants in lands or lakes participates in harming the people, plants and animals. The over fishing which comes as a consequence from the over harvesting of a fishing company harms other fishing companies harvesting in the same ocean. The company trucks using a road may create congestion or traffic jam which impacts negatively other road users. In the animal production, the industrial farms which generate huge outputs of animal products generates a negative externalities in the form of increasing the antibiotic resistant bacteria, contamination of rivers and waters by the disposal of the animal waste. These farms as well result in another externality of the animal welfare reduction due to the close quarters where the animals are kept. The problems which may be caused by the nuclear plants when storing the nuclear waste in impropriate way, and the radioactive waste which is generated thorough the energy production of the nuclear power plants may affect the current and new generations. The external cost of health decline which is a consequence of smoking, the external cost in the form of car accidents due the consumption of alcohol by drinkers which may lead to pedestrians killing or injure, are all considered as negative externality. All the previous negative externalities examples harm the environment and the inhabitants. The environment, the people, plants and animals are the parties which are affected negatively without any choice from their side and without taking their interests into consideration by the externality generator (Shaprio, Khemani, 2003; Anon. , nd). There are many examples also to be mentioned to describe the positive externality. When someone buys a certain product, it would increase the product value to other people who already have this product, the increase of the value is considered to be an external benefit for these people, this type of positive externality sometimes called the network externality or the network effect. When an invention is discovered or information is made more accessible, then other people will externally benefit from using this invention or the information. The education also gives a positive externality to the whole society, the more are the educated people in the society the more the whole society better off even people who are not educated as the rate of crime will decline which means more safety. Another example of positive externalities is when a foreign company opens a new branch in another country, although the deal is between the foreign organization and the country, and although they both benefit financially from this deal, but as well people will benefit by having opportunities for jobs, salaries and kind of secure life, this extra benefit for the people is considered to be positive externality. Also, when people buy a specific type of a commodity, the demand on these commodity increases, which as well increase the work chances for distributors, or when people buy a car model, then the demand for mechanics of this certain car model increases. Construction as well may give positive externality, when roads and bridges are built and opened; it may give a chance of opening new areas for housing and establishing business entities (Shaprio, Khemani, 2003; Anon. , nd; Anon. , 2007). Externalities and the ethical theories: Generally, externalities are always a term which creates a situation of social injustice, its existence generates socially unbalanced outcomes, regarding the fact that a party may gain external benefits without paying any type of costs, or a party who may suffer from and forced to pay external costs without any choice (Anon. , nd). The question about ethics in all cases of the externalities moves around the universal ethics. The universal ethics are defined as a system of ethics that can apply to every human being. The externality then, with its both types, the positive one and the negative, may lead to a violation of the ethics. If we analyze the negative externality example we mentioned of the radioactive pollution, as such an externality will contain external costs, people who will be affected by the negative outcomes, will consider the harm they will be exposed to as explicit costs which they did not put into account before. The harm could be in the shape of lung and body diseases, and the extra payment for medical checks and medicines. As the radioactive company serves the people by providing utilities, people will see the harm generated by the same company – the negative externality- as a reduction of the utility. The negative externality here then raises an ethical problem as it is simply considered as a violation of ethics as harming others (Anon. , nd). Regarding the positive externalities, it again raises an ethical issue by violating the universal ethics as the positive externalities type is always connected to the term which is called â€Å"free riding†. To explain how positive externality violates the ethics, let us refer to our example of education, when the society as a whole and as a third party, benefits from the education process in the form of being an educated, productive and well being society. Everyone then in the society will benefit, even people who were not educated will benefit without paying any cost. For such people, who will benefit from the educated, productive and well being society they are living in, it is considered external benefits as they did not pay for education, but on the contrary, they are free riding on the cost of others who had to go through and pay for the education process. Another example is the society health care, when people go and obtain the vaccination, the society will be protected from the transmitted diseases by its vaccinated members, but the people who did not receive the vaccination will still be protected from the diseases and will benefit from the healthy and protected society, actually they are free riding on the costs of the other members of the society. The free riding problem- the positive externality- is considered to be against the ethics and raise an ethical issue of benefiting from the borne of others (Anon. , nd). Also externalities raise an ethical issue due to the problem that the value or equivalent of any externality is difficult to be determined, most of the externalities are hidden, negative externalities are hidden by the traders, and positive externalities are hidden by the third parties benefit from it, which considered cheating, and breach the simple ethical rule â€Å"do not cheat† (kaydee, 2008). With the nowadays absence of ethics, the behavior changed negatively in a dramatic way, People do not think anymore about the externality which they going to create once any product they buy reach the expiry date. Companies do not think about the consequences of their waste disposal of the manufacturing operations. Injustice is considered to be a violation of ethics, when a third party is negatively affected by a transaction which is out of his or her control, there is then a case of injustice. Similar, when someone is affected positively by a transaction which is out of his or her control and he or she does not pay for this benefit, again the injustice takes place (kaydee, 2008). Some analysts have different opinion; some will argue that there is no ethical issue about externalities, meaning that there is nothing to do with wrongdoing. The supporters of this opinion say that most of the businesses are trying to achieve the purpose of their existence; they try to achieve their target whatever it is, making profit, providing goods and services, and keeping the employees employed. The conflict of interests between the businesses’ activities and the different parties around does not mean that businesses are doing anything wrong (MacDonald, 2007). Corporations actually should work under some certain core concepts which most of the time create kind of ethical dilemmas, these concepts are the business ethics rules which each business should respect and follow. But it is clear that these concepts are not strictly followed by business leaders, most of corporations do not pay much attention to business ethics and lots of businesses do not pay attention to the ethical implications of the externalities and its damage of the environment. As it is said: In business, it’s easy to talk about ethics, but it’s damn hard to be ethical. If we look back in time, historically two important ethical philosophies were created, the Western Ethical Philosophy and the Eastern Ethical Philosophy. Generally, philosophers came up with a number of ethical principles that control and guide business activities, these principles can be considered as ethical standards which always get codified into laws. One of the most important and well known ethical systems in the western ethical philosophies was the Hippocratic Oath, these principles was created by the Greek physician Hippocrates, and they are still used today, these principles in total generally direct people to the concept of â€Å"Do no harm. † The eastern example is the karma which adopts the concept of cause and effect, what are the negative and positive results of any conduct. This ethical system simply says that if you harm others, then the harm will eventually return to you; according to that, if the business creates good consequences then this good will return back to the business, and if the business does harm others, then the harm will also return and harm the business (Johannsen, n. d. ). So, both philosophies and some other philosophies not mentioned in this paper, raise the ethical issue of harming others, which is related to the externalities consequences, as one of the five core business concepts from the perspective of the harm and the negative effects that businesses generate. Worth to mention that the five core business concepts from the view of causing harm are: Shareholder Wealth, Profit Maximization, Fiduciary Responsibility, Return on Investment (ROI), and Externalities (Johannsen, n. d. ). In any business, all the accounting figures including profits and costs are always shown on the financial statements, but in the case of the externalities (which some financial analysts call it financial liabilities) the financial statements do not show the external cost or the external benefits of the corporation. Some will argue that this is considered to be a manipulation and a breach of ethics, and that the businesses should, clarify, confess, be responsible and pay for the externalities they cause. But some others will argue that the externalities are so hard to be described as a number or figure, and thus cannot be shown in the financial statement as liabilities, and so it can not be described as a manipulation or a breach of ethics. One of the important and well known ethical theories that may describe the externalities in a better way could be the utilitarian ethical theory. The utilitarianism refers to the idea that the moral worth of any action, whatever this action is done by an individual or by an entity, the moral worth will be determined only by how the action’s consequences participates to the overall utility. Thus, the utilitarianism indicates a type of consequentialism, as the moral worth of the action then will be judged according to its results and its effects on people. The utility here is considered to be the overall pleasure and the absence of pain. The utilitarian ethical theory describes the different types of actions, any action is considered to be an ethical action- in other words to be morally right – if its moral worth is positive, meaning, the action’s outcomes contribute in developing the overall utility or the overall happiness or pleasure among people. However the action will be considered as an unethical action- or morally wrong- if its moral worth is negative and its consequences are decreasing the overall utility of people and cause them suffering or pain (Anon. , nd). If we put externalities in practice according to the utilitarian ethical theory, then both types of externalities, the positive and the negative, are to be considered as unethical actions. The negative externality affects the third parties by reducing their utility, in all our previous examples of negative externalities, environment and people end in suffering and pain. Talking about the positive externalities, they are as well considered unethical as the third parties are affected positively but without paying any cost for these benefits which in a way increase their utilities but on the account of others. Although this ethical theory was successful for a period of time, it was faced with lots of criticism which came up later. One of the important criticisms was that the utilitarian ethical theory described the positive and negative externalities as symmetric in nature, and those externalities will lead to non optimal outcomes which call for the necessity of government intervention. Mr. Murray Rothbard wrote in his book, Man, Economy, and State, a good criticism of the utilitarianism approach of externalities. He stated that the positive and the negative externalities are not symmetric from the ethical perspective of property rights. He says that the two externalities types are completely different in nature; he argued that the injustice in the case of the negative externalities is due to the failure of the authorities in protecting the property rights of every party involved. Opposite, in the case of the positive externalities, there is no violation of the property rights of the party who gives the external benefits but only when the authority tries to extend this benefits (Cleveland, 2002). Another ethical theory which can explain the externalities is the social responsibility theory. The corporate social responsibility term- which is divided into four parts, the legal, the discretionary, the economic responsibility, and finally what we are interested in, the ethical responsibility- refers to the obligations of the business to work and conduct the operations in ways which achieve its own interests and the interests of all its stakeholders. Thus, the business is to be considered as a socially responsible if it pays attention and make sure that its activities do not harm or affect negatively its stakeholders (Sandy Millar, Christopher Theunissen, 2008, P69) (Anon. 2008). When we look at externalities from this theory’s point of view, especially the negative type of externalities, any business which causes harm to the environment, people and society in total, should not be then considered as socially responsible business. This business often works on achieving its own interests and purpose of existence (making profit and satisfying the shareholders), but it fa ils in keeping its social responsibilities and obligations towards the rest of the stakeholders and thus lead to externalities. As mentioned, the most important interest and the main target for most corporations are to satisfy their shareholders needs, and that comes by making profit. This aim is the most argued that it is the reason for corporation to act unethically and not paying attention to the social responsibility and lead to unethical practices which cause the externalities. At the end the corporation is just a legal structure and its moral responsibilities comes from the moral responsibilities of the corporation’s shareholders, employees, and managers. If the managers are being unethical conducting unethical activities, and if the shareholders are being unethical by approving and giving the green light to the managers to go ahead in such unethical practices, then it at the end reflects on the overall corporation of being ethical or unethical, of being socially responsible or not (Anon. , 2008). This leads to another approach, which is the general ethics theory. Ethics is what examines and judge the human behavior; regarding what is right and what is wrong, regarding what is just and what is unjust, and regarding what is fair and what is unfair. To behave ethically is to behave in a manner which is right or moral. The behavior then is considered to be ethical if it is right and the vise versa. But what does determine if the behavior is right or wrong? What does determine if the behavior ethical or unethical? Generally, the society comes on the top of the list of what determines what is right or wrong, even if societies are sometimes different from one another in some of specific rules and determinations of the morally correct behavior, but at the end they all agree some general standards and principles which should be followed. When combining the two theories together, the social responsibility and the general ethics, we find that externalities happen due to many reasons. There is no one agreed moral code, and people, including top executives, have weak sense of good moral especially that nowadays people are mostly far from religion and their morals come often from their experience. This conflict of good behavior and gaining high profit is a good example, when choosing between being socially responsible or profit in the existence of weak sense of morals, the business represented in its official will chooses the profit. In multinational companies, externalities are more likely to happen as these companies operate in different countries; each has its own people and its own culture and moral codes which may conflict with each other. Individuals in such companies, when working with different groups with different values and moral codes, tend easily to break their own values, ethics, and behavior which they believe to be the right way, in order to fit, adapt to and be accepted by their group instead of standing up against the wrong behavior, their own interest to be recognized do beat their social responsibility which they are obliged towards the society. Suggested solutions for externalities: There are some solutions which came up to deal with the issue of externalities. Most of these solutions are faced by criticism due to various reasons. Social Conventions, Regulatory Limits, Mergers, and corrective taxes are considered to be the most important answers to deal with the externalities. The social conventions approach aims to deal with externalities through the social conventions and traditions. But it faced with a criticism that it forces people to take into account the externalities they cause, and that it may work with individuals but its effectiveness will not be useful with high cost externalities generated by multinational companies as instance. Merger, another solution for externalities, gathers all the parties involved in the externality to merge, but again it failed to solve all situations, it could solve the negative externalities between some firms by merging them together, but in a situation like a polluter company and the people around this company who are affected negatively by the pollution, how can the company and the people merge together? (Gibson, 1996). The regulatory limits approach is supposed to be the most common approach for dealing with externalities, simply it does not only suggest to impose regulatory limits for the externality amount generated by any party, but as well imposes a fine for any party generates externality which exceeds the regulatory limits. The corrective taxes approach aims to impose corrective taxes in order to push all parties to be socially responsible and limit the amount of externalities produced. If we take pollution as an example, then corrective taxes will be imposed on each unit of pollution equal to the same amount of damage affected the society. The two approaches, which in a way close in concept to each other, aim to force the externalities generators- including businesses- to absorb the cost incurred by them. Still, both approaches are faced with problems which weaken them. The regulatory limits approach has some difficulties especially when it comes to the determination and detection of the firms breaching the limits and by how much is the violation of the limits (Gibson, 1996). The corrective tax approach has lots of supporters who completely agree that externalities generators should pay the full cost for their faults, and by punishing some business, this will work as a red alert to the rest to pay more attention to business ethics and to behave in a better ethical and moral way. But still the ideas is facing lots of criticism, the opponents claim that when implementing such a tax system, the first result will be the price increase as the businesses will try to keep their profit margin stable, especially after the increase of their costs due to paying the corrective tax, this will eventually lead to a decrease in demand and thus economical problems. Also, the opponents argue that in some externality cases, such as pollution, it is difficult to determine the polluter and the amount of harm was caused (same like the regulatory limits). And even if the damage amount can be determined, it appears the biggest problem of externality which is the estimation of the externality effects. Positive or negative externality should be measured and translated into a value which will determine the corrective tax amount (Gibson, 1996). Some businesses, when faced with the problem of externality, and when they are accused by affecting negatively third parties, whatever it was environment, people or other businesses, they sometimes follow what is called the obstructive response, which indicates the lowest degree of social responsibility. According to this type of response, accused businesses tend to deny all the responsibility, and argue that any evidence that they generated an externality is misleading; they also do their best to delay investigations and the conformation of externality evidences, they did not only breach the ethical rule of â€Å"do not harm† by they as well breach the rule of â€Å"do not cheat†. Conclusion and recommendations: Externality with its two types, the positive and the negative, happens all the time in our normal daily life; it has several effects on all parties involved. Environmental harm is the most important and recognized consequence of the negative externality. Several ethical theories can be used to explain the ethical nature of externalities, the utilitarianism, the social responsibility, and the general ethics theories. Generally, externalities are considered to be a violation of ethics. Many reasons cause the externalities, but most importantly is the absence of ethics, and the good moral of people, which lead to absence of business ethics and morals as business at the end consists of groups of people. There are businesses which pay attention to the social responsibility and the good moral, these businesses try to meet their obligations towards their business environment, sometimes through setting up special committees or professional experts in order to discuss and solve their ethical problems. But most businesses are clearly tend to ignore their social responsibility and act mostly in the way which serves their own interests and deny any claim or evidences about the externalities and harm they may cause to their business environment. There are several possible approaches to deal with the problem of externalities, but each approach has its weaknesses. There is a strong support for persuading businesses to fully take the responsibility and pay for the externality’s cost incurred by them. The opponents of this opinion argue that this cannot be done as it is difficult to determine the amount of harm produced and as well difficult to translate it into a value. Some other opponents claim that businesses do offer to the society and the business environment more benefits than harm in the shape of better economy, employment, utilities and welfare. Top executives and managers and generally business officials should work and ethically apply the core concepts in ways which prevent the externalities and the harm which could be generated by their decisions. They also have to solve the problem of interests’ conflict and act in a way that balance and achieve both interest as much as possible. Business officials have to establish moral principles to determine an organizational core value to control and guide the organization’s practices and to set a moral climate within the organization. Any business that violates the ethics should then be suspended from continuing its operation for a period of time; at least till correction step is taken. People should return and relive the ethics and values, and they have to act and behave rationally. Governments must play stronger role to deal with the externality problem. Many approaches can be followed like a well define for property rights, Criminalization, Civil Tort law, and Government provision. References: Anonymous. , nd. Definition of Externality. (Online). Available at: About. om: Economics. http://economics. about. com/cs/economicsglossary/g/externality. htm. (Accessed 20 July 2009) Anonymous. , nd. Externality. (Online). Available at: Wikipedia, Answer. com. http://www. answers. com/topic/externality-1. (Accessed 22 July 2009) Anonymous. , 2007. Externality. (Online). Available at: Guardian. co. uk. http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/2007/apr/11/businessglossary9. (Accessed 25 July 2009) Anonymous. , nd. Utilitarian ism. (Online). Available at: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Utilitarianism. (Accessed 28 July 2009) Anonymous. , 2008. Social Responsibility. (Online). Available at: OPPapers. http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Social-Responsibility/159386. (Accessed 1 august 2009) Cleveland. , A. , 2002. The Failure of Utilitarian Ethics in Political Economy. (Online). Available at: The Independent Institute. http://www. independent. org/publications/article. asp? id=1602. (Accessed 28 July 2009) Gibson. , H. , 1996. Externalities: Implications for allocative efficiency and suggested solutions. (Online). Available at: Hunterlink. http://www2. hunterlink. net. au/~ddhrg/econ/ext1. html. (Accessed 28 July 2009) Johannsen. , M. , nd. Five Core Business Concepts Causing Ethical Problems for Organizations. (Online). Available at: A Glossary of Political Economy. http://www. legacee. com/Info/Mindset/BusinessEthics. html. (Accessed 27 July 2009) Jonson. , P. , nd. Externality. (Online). Available at: A Glossary of Political Economy. http://www. auburn. edu/~johnspm/gloss/externality. (Accessed 20 July 2009) Kay Dee. , 2008. The Ethics of Externalities. Online). Available at: Engineering Ethics Blog. http://engineeringethicsblog. blogspot. com/2008/11/ethics-of-externalities. html. (Accessed 20 July 2009) MacDonald. , C. , 2007. Externalities and the Ethics of Small Matters. (Online). Available at: The Business Ethics Blog. http://www. businessethics. ca/blog/2007/03/samosa-ethics-externalities-and-ethics. html. (Accessed 20 July 2009) Shapiro. , D Khemani. , R. , 2003. Externality. (Onlin e). Available at: Glossary of Statistical Term. http://stats. oecd. org/glossary/detail. asp? ID=3215. How to cite Externalities in Business, Papers

Child Care for Hospital Staff - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theChild Care for Hospital Staff. Answer: On Monday morning at the children centre I divided the children into two groups, group A and group B so that they can learn new games and songs. They were to learn a variety of games showing different values and practices in the society the first game the children were to learn was to mimic how the hospital works. Group A was to act as a family while group B was to act as a group of hospital staff. I selected one member of the group A who was to act as a patient, and he was taken to hospital, then I instructed the members of his group to organise visit him at hospital, as the children were organising themselves I instructed group B members to organise themselves and each of them to play a given role in hospital settings. The children in the group A visited the patient and wished him quick recovery through prayers. The Tikanga Maori values prayers (Karakia) as a fundamental element of the healing process, also theTikanga M?ori takes the care planning, decision making of the family iss ues and treatment of each as a key principle which they have adopted. Response to health and safety concerns, accidents and potential hazards appropriate to centre policies. Yesterday afternoon at my children centre, after the morning session where the children had been involved in various actives which I was intending to make them understand how to administer first aid and how to respond to health and other safety concerns. I managed to achieve that through various games which I organised. For instance I divided the children into pairs, and in each pair child A was to act as a first aider to administer first aid to child B who had been knocked. After the long morning session the children were tired and hungry and I decide to take them for lunch while I was taking them for lunch one of them child X slipped off the stairs due to slippery floor which was as result of water which was poured on the stairs by the cleaner. I took a quick action to reach the child and discovered that the child had sustained some injuries at the face and she was nose bleeding, I administered first aid to child X and after some few minutes the child was well. According to the cen tre policies any accident which occurs first aid should be administered immediately before further treatments, this is to ensure that there are no further injuries which are sustained. Observation writing: It is eight oclock in the morning, July 15, 2017, am at the childrens centre. Two kids are standing in front of a rectangular shaped table kid X and kid Y, Kid X watches kid Y pick up a small block from the ground, kid Y moves to the table while kid X tries to touch the small block which kid Y was trying to pick, but I see kid Y moving to the table and calling kid X telling him to see him rolling his block off the table. The block is seen rolling across the table while the children are observing. Kid Y starts to run around the table to retrieve his block. Kid X takes away the block from kid Y and starts to roll it on the table the same way kid Y was doing, they all continue with rolling the block across the table, this time each of the kid at the edges of the tables and they are throwing the block across the table as they enjoy singing a kids songs. Selected interests of children are usually developed through carrying out projects of investigating the learning experience of kids are hand in hand with the fun and interests in which the children work in such in their learning institutions, playing areas and many areas where children enjoy staying.

Federal Reserve and its role in the economy

Federal Reserve informally called fed is an independent organization established by the government of United States of America through Federal Reserve act in [1913], to act as the Central Bank of the America (Flaherty 40).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Federal Reserve and its role in the economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Federal Reserve was formed at a time when there were numerous problems that were associated with the banking sector that made the Americans’ lose faith with the banking system. Just to mention a few; before 1913, there were more than 30, 0000 currencies, banks had problems in moderating these currencies since there was no unifying value currency. The existing banks at times were not able to meet their customers’ withdrawals rate due to fund deficit that was experienced frequently. These problems led to frequent collapse of the banks hence having negative impact on the e conomy of the United State of America. Generally, the main reasons why the Federal Reserve was established was because, they wanted to reorganize the banking system and come up with more stable and standard monetary system that could be used in the united state of America. Federal Reserve was also formed to control both the prices of commodities and currency flow in the market. So from all this reasons we can see that it played a major role in the inflation and recession prevention (Wueschner 23). Federal Reserve is a non-profit making entity that performs both public and private functions .However, any profit generated by the Central Bank after the payment of all employees and giving 6% of divided owned by the Capital Investment to the members’ banks. The remaining money is plowed to the government treasury. For example, in 2009, Federal Reserve generated a profit of 45 billion dollars that was plowed into the treasury (Colin 1). There are seven members who make up the Board of Governors in the Federal Reserve’s (Flaherty 42).They are usually appointed by the President to run an independent Federal Government Agency which is based in Washington D.C. and serving a non-renewable period of 14 years. Their main functions are to set up Monetary Policy and managing the government money. It has also 12 Regional Reserve Banks which does the function of implementing policies and managing the financial institutions with the help of their own directors that is composed of the bankers, general public and business people (Epstein Thomas 45). The directors run a term of five years.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Regional Reserve Banks act as intermediate between the banks and the Federal Reserve as they offer banking services like check processing, Federal wire, U.S treasury banking and many others. They also ensure appropriate supervision and regul ation of all the bank operations. Lastly, they provide discount window by giving temporary financial assistance against collateral to depository institutions. It has Federal open committee which is given the mandate to control the operations at the U.S.A open market (Epstein Thomas 47). It is headed by the New York Federal Reserve bank’s president who works together with the seven governors and four reserve bank managers who rotate in shift every year (Flaherty 43). Federal Reserve has also private U.S.A banks who become members by subscribing a certain amount to non transferable stock to their regional Federal Reserve Banks and lastly advisory councils. Federal Reserve is a non-profit making organization that supports itself through the various activities that it is involved in. It gets interest from government securities through open market operations. It also gets interest and profit from the foreign currency exchange investment. Federal Reserve Bank gets interest from th e discount rate they put on the loans given to the depository intuition (Patrick 46). The role of the Federal reserves in economy can be clearly depicted from the functions it performs. Federal Reserve is the monetary policy maker that ensures that the economic recession and inflation is controlled, it ensures that the banking system of payment within the United State of America is stable and can be trusted and moreover being the government central bank, the Federal Reserve ensures there is effective services offered to the state and the general public. Let’s look at how the Federal Reserve performs its functions that greatly influence the economy of the United State of America. Fed uses Federal open market committee to make decision on the flow rate of the money to the market. Federal Reserve can either increase the money flow rate by purchasing securities from the banks which are done by adding credit to banks’ reserves, this forces the banks to keep these excess fun ds to their reserves or even loan it to other bank resulting to more money in the banking system. These money end up in the public hands due to loans offered by banks at a low interest rate resulting to high purchasing rate hence stimulating the economy. Federal Reserve can also decide to decrease the money flow rate by selling their securities resulting to reduction of money in the bank reserves (White 327). Unfortunately, this leads to low consumers spending rate since there will be reduction of the loans issued by the banks with high interest rate attached to them and this slows down the economy. At this particular time people tend to spend less and consider short term planning over long term planning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Federal Reserve and its role in the economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Federal Reserve also controls the money through the reserve requirement. Reserve requirement is the a mount of money that a bank has to have in its reserve either as interest bearing or non interest bearing to enable it to serve its customers efficiently. This has enabled the banks to cub the problem of not being able sustain its customers’ withdrawal due to lack of funds. The reserve required will always vary as per the banks account totals. The amount set as reserve greatly influence the amount of money possessed by the banks hence having an impact on the amount being loaned. Taking for the example, if the reserve percentage is lowered, the banks tend to have a lot of money to loan hence increasing the amount of the money in the market and in contrast to when the requirement is raised, as the banks tend to have low cash hence reducing the amount money to be loaned resulting to low money flow rate. Incase the banks reserve goes below the required level, the affected bank can decide either to borrow some loan from the Reserve bank or any other bank. This is another way in whi ch Federal Reserve policies affect the economy as money loaned to the banks has got interest rate attached them. The federal reserves usually advices the banks against going for loan unless for emergency reasons. Discount rate identifies the changes in the monetary policy as high discount rate shows that there are tight policies while low interest rate shows loose monetary policies in place. If the interest rate is high, the banks too attaches high interest to loans given to its customers and if there is low interest on the federal reserves loans, so happens to loans given to the public. The federal funds rate affect the economy as it varies depending on the supply and demand of the reserves. Federal Reserve comes up with rule that governs the financial sector of the government .These rules are set up at the head quarter by the Board of Governors and directives given to the Regional Reserves that does the implementation and supervision of all the banks within their jurisdiction (Whi te 330). The Fed ensures the general public interests are taken into account especially whenever some banks express their interest of merging. They ensure that any step taken by these banks do not have negative impact on the local public hence it act as financial institutions regulator. The Federal Reserves is the bank to banks (Sue 57).The Regional Reserves ensure that there is continuous flow of the services and transactions required by their regional banks. Some of the services offered are the money banking for the banks, check processing and clearing, bank loaning, electronic money transfer and many others. Most of these services are usually offered at a few or at interest rate which is a major source of Fed and government revenue.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Federal Reserve is the bank of the united state of American government. It is in charge of the government treasury and it does a lot of government businesses and transactions on the behalf the government. Works Cited Colin, Barr. â€Å"The Fed’s stuck in the penalty box† Retrieved from CNNmoney.com/Fortune, on March 3, 2010, 11:38 AM ET. Web. Epstein, Gerald, and Thomas, Ferguson. â€Å"Monetary Policy, Loan Liquidation and Industrial Conflict: Federal Reserve System Open Market Operations in 1932.† Journal of Economic History .New York: New York Times,2002. 30-50. Print. Flaherty, Edward. â€Å"A brief history of central bank of United State of America. † 23-124. University of Groningen, Netherlands,1997.Print. Patrick, Chari. â€Å"Modern Macroeconomics in Practice: How Theory Is Shaping Monetary Policy.† 12-456, Minneapolis: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 2006. Print. Sue, Patrick Garland, Reform of the Federal Reserve System in the Early 1930’s: The Politics of Money and Banking. New York: New York Times, 1993. 24- 167.Print. White, Lawrence. â€Å"The Federal Reserve System’s Influence on Research in Monetary Economics.† 325-354, Chicago: University Press, 2005.Print. Wueschner, Silvano . Charting Twentieth-Century Monetary Policy: Herbert Hoover and Benjamin Strong, 1917-1927. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1999. 56-87. Print. This essay on Federal Reserve and its role in the economy was written and submitted by user Phoenix Vazquez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

GLUCOSE EFFECTS ON MEMORY essays

GLUCOSE EFFECTS ON MEMORY essays NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS IN ELDERLY HUMANS The purpose of this kind of test was to find out if the level of glucose had any kind of effect on the memory. Another goal of this experiment was to determine whether glucose affects memory on other tests as well, and whether the glucose effects are restricted to memory or whether they include effects on overall cognitive, attention and motor functions. The test was done on the subjects, 17 volunteers between the ages of 62-84. The subjects took the test in the morning after a 9 hours fasting. Their blood glucose was measured at the beginning of the test, then the subjects were given sweetened beverages with either glucose (50g) or saccharine (23.7 mg). Blood glucose levels were measured every 15 minutes thereafter for the next hour and a half. The subjects were asked to read a list of words and remember them. The test was scored for long-term storage, retrieval and short-term retrieval. Also other tests were considered such as: logical memory, digit span, complex figures, cognition, attention and motor. Logical memory is a modified version of the Wechsler Memory Scale that is hearing an audiotape and asks the subjects five minutes later to recall the passage. Digit span that include forward and backward digits. Rey Oterreith compex figure: subjects were asked to copy a complex design following which they were asked to draw the design from memory. Cognition: this test assesses verbal intelligence by requiring the subject to choose the picture which best matches each of a series of words from a set of four pictures. Attention is a timed task in which subjects mark designated letters from a large list of letters. Motor: subjects were required to press down a lever attached to a counter as quickly as possible over a ten seco nd period and were given five tries with each hand. The results were obtained and analyses have been made according to the rel ...

Understanding strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Understanding strategic management - Essay Example Decision makers and managers must apply their strategic skills in the process of managing an organisation. Increasing competition and changing nature of demand are the two prime reasons behind the increasing demand of strategic management process in the contemporary world. This paper will attempt to assess a company by using strategic management tools and models. The models and tools will be used for two proposes i.e. for environmental scanning and for strategy formulation. Environmental scanning will include internal and external analysis. The next section will show the company’s strategic position in the market. Based on the analysis and findings, relevant strategies will be recommended. Tesco Plc has been selected for the purpose of strategic management analysis. Tesco is a UK based company and is operating in the global retail industry. However, in this paper, the primary focus will be on the UK retail industry. Tesco Plc is a UK based leading retailer. The company was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919. The company was first listed in London Stock Exchange in 1947 and it launched its corporate website (Tesco.com) in 2000 (Tesco Plc-a, 2010). The company offers a wide range of product and retailing service through its numerous superstores. Tesco offers homes products, fast moving consumer products, clothing, consumer durable, electronics etc (Tesco-a, 2010). The latest annual report of Tesco disclosed that it owns 4810 stores in the global market and nearly 472000 employees are working with Tesco (Tesco Plc-b, 2010). It experienced very fast growth and after its global expansion, the company became the third largest retailer in the world after Wal-Mart and Carrefour. The company has developed its reputed brand image in the market. Specially, in UK, the company has gained a large share of the market (Silverthorne, 2010). Tesco has developed an effective and efficient strategic management procedure in

The role of personnal selling in KFC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The role of personnal selling in KFC - Essay Example KFC came to Singapore in 1977 with its first outlet on Somerset Road. It took the firm 30 years, to establish over 70 outlets which signify the popularity of the chain (KFC 2009). KFCs menu includes Original Recipe chicken – having the same exuberating recipe Colonel Harland Sanders created more than a half-century ago. Customers around the world also enjoy a variety of more than 300 other products – like the Shrooms Burger in Singapore (KFC 2009). KFC Singapore’s performance in 2007 was at its peak. The sales climbed 3.0% to RM280.2 million from RM272.0 million in 2006; while profit before tax augmented 12.3% to RM10.1 million from RM9.0 million the year before (QSRbrands 2007). KFC Singapore attained these record sales with their varied deals throughout the year year. In March, KFC Singapore used its energetic 30th Anniversary media campaign to introduce the new KFC logo, uniform and packing. KFC Singapore also coupled this with their toasted range with Cheesy BBQ Meltz in April the same year. By the end of the year, KFC Singapore had 69 stores, with four new restaurants, five repositioned and eight closures (QSRbrands 2007). But due to the global crunch, sales are declining overall. New ideas and menu items are needed at for the business to keep up with its performance in 2007 (Uniquely Singapore 2009). Moreover cost effective methods of marketing products have to be utilized like personal selling to boost the sales graph which is now taking a downward trend. Technology -Technology plays an eminent role in the growth of an economy. Singapore has the largest and most IT-savvy Port in the world which enables businesses to have efficiency in the supply chain (Field 2002). The country has a very sophisticated telecommunications infrastructure which gives the opportunity to reach new customers and keep a closer check on their preferences (Field 2002). Economic - Singapore is considered as one of the best economies for

Take home exam for the class (economics of race and gender ) Essay

Take home exam for the class (economics of race and gender ) - Essay Example Let us take the case of the United States: Azimzadeh says â€Å"most Americans believe in a three-class model - the rich, the middle class, and the poor. America is a diverse society considering its culture, economy, politics and ideology which make different levels of wealth, income, education, occupation and social behavior. It is not easy sometimes to classify certain groups or people in a certain class. One approach which is more common is based on cultural and economic diversity of the people and defines more of them in middle class† (2008). In terms of economics, those belonging to the upper classes have very high living standards and occupy top positions in government or corporate organizations, the upper middle classes composed of highly-educated and well-paid professionals also maintain good living conditions while the lower middle classes made up of semi-professionals or ordinary workers have to cope up with meager resources. In a political scene marked by free enterprise, the upper classes have more privileges and benefits that those who belong to the lower middle classes. They are accorded more rights and are considered more influential and have easier access to opportunities, income and other rewards. There is the so-called economic model of time use wherein households rationally and efficiently allocate time, typically through specialization of one partner in paid work and the other in unpaid work. The first condition is human capital which explains that men have more experience and education than women and biological differences, since women are those that bear children and care for them. The second is, the person with more power will do lesser unpaid work because household labor is less likable than paid tasks. The third is that although the experience and education of women have gone up during the past thirty years, they are still less paid compared to men. The fourth condition is that

The Nature Of The State Sovereignty

The Nature Of The State Sovereignty In order to complete this analysis, it is necessary to examine the history and the evolution of concept sovereignty. Hence I will firstly define notion of sovereignty and its origins. In the latter part I will present how sovereignty has changed over period of time, particularly after the Cold War. In the final part I will provide conclusion summoning if the change of sovereignty nature has been positive or negative. Sovereignty is relatively recent innovation in international relations. It was first developed in Europe, at the peace of Westphalia in 1648. Treaty of Westphalia has been the outcome of around 8 decades of wars fought in name of religions. The result of Westphalian Treaty was establishment of new international law system which was going to be applied to the modern states. The underpinning of this system is the sovereign character of the state and the prevention against external interference in internal affairs by other states. Sovereignty is one among the inherent and essential elements of a state, which defines its supreme power and its own independence.  [1]  Sovereignty has two dimension and these are: authority of internal government and territory. Leader of the government has an ultimate and legitimate right to exercise power within the borders of that particular state and suppose to be obeyed by its citizens.  [2]  Noteworthy, the core elements of state sovereignty hav e been established in 1933 Montevideo convention on the Rights and Duties of States. They include three main requirements: a permanent populations, defined territory and body of power functioning government.  [3]   Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau were most important members of the social contract school. They shared the same idea about the concept of sovereignty. They believed that whatever are origins of sovereignty, it all comes down to contractual agreement between the members. However, their theories differed significantly in other respects.  [4]   State sovereignty has for the past several hundred years, been a defining principle of a relations between states and in a way a foundation of worlds order. This concept is one of the most important principles of United Nation Charter and it is still important component of the maintenance of peace in the world and defence of weak states against the powerful ones. At the same time, however the concept has never been unchallengeable as such, either in law or practice as the formal definition may suggest. According to former secretary General Boutros Boutros Ghali; The time of absolute sovereignty has passed; its theory was never matched by reality.  [5]   Knowing that the international rules of the notion of sovereignty set out in the Treat of Westphalia have been modified over the years, most recently and significantly by the Charter of the United Nations they remained merely intact until June 1990, this was when UN Security Council approved Resolution 1244. According to that resolution the attacks in Kosovo were justified. The post-Cold War world has segued into what might now be called post-Westphalian world. Resolution 1244 is the momentum of a series of acts of decisions and actions which, taken together, change the legal and theoretical structure of international relations. This means that the first principle of the nation sovereignty is the power that the nation holds as a State those in power are in charge.  [6]   In practice international legal sovereignty and Westphalian sovereignty are the key manifestations of sovereignty. In particular cases, for example; Somalia or Andorra, these attributes camouflage glaring failings in other areas ostensibly central to sovereignty. The humanitarian intervention in Kosovo and the invocation of self-Defence as a rationale for the intervention in Afghanistan are examples of rights reserved for powerful states which are not intended for use by the majority of states.  [7]   As Krasner summarizesthe principles associated with both Westphalian and international legal sovereignty have always been violated.  [8]   After the end of Cold War, the sovereignty of each nation involved in the war has changed significantly and quite diminished. Meanwhile the Cold War is the longest war that took place between 1940-1980 involving United Union of soviet socialist and America and it was merely a war of rights and beliefs. The changes to the notion of Sovereignty changed and the changes were influenced by the development that happened after the Cold War.  [9]   Pragmatically, concept of sovereignty has often been challenged and violated by the powerful states. In current globalizing world, it is recognised that cultural, environmental and economic influences neither respect borders, nor require an entry visa. The concept of state sovereignty is well stretched in political and legal discourses. Furthermore, states borders have diminished significantly as a result of contemporary international relations arena. Current international disorder and suffering are the main causes of technology and communication fast development. Consequently, perspectives on the range and role of state sovereignty have, especially over the past ten years, evolved very quickly. Today, sovereignty confronts the challenge of globalism. It is commonly held that the conditions which support globalism, such as technological advances, the communications revolution, and advances in business organization do not necessarily promote sovereignty. Furthermore political activism, terrorism, and organized crime conspire to undermine territorial boundaries and permit the exchange of science, culture, political economy, and the growth of beneficent and malevolent global civil society. However according to Anthony Coughlans effects of globalization o the concept of the sovereignty of Sate is often taken out of context or exaggerated. In his view States have always been interdependent to some extent. In his opinion there was more to globalisation in the late 19th Century, such as free movement of labour, trade and capital, although the volumes involved were smaller than today. In that time most states were economically more powerful due to international businesses. In Coughlans view Modern States do more for their citizens and are expected by them to do more and impinge more intimately on peoples lives than at any time in history.  [10]   Sovereignty may undeniably be strengthened as it changes to meet new needs and opportunities. In other ways, sovereignty may be limited in its capacity to deny international responsibilities and domestic obligations. An analysis of the world social process will give a way to a vast number of participants and institutions that comprise the global society. Among these are State sovereigns, international and regional organizations, political parties, business groups, pressure groups, NGOs, and individuals in various roles relevant to social relations within and across State and national lines.  [11]   It should be added that there are many other complex outcomes of this process, which include, for example, the constitutional architecture of the European Union, the African Union, the Organization of American States, and even the framework of military alliances under the changing character of NATO. These regional organizations carry the attributes of authority and control and, in turn, reconfigure the framework of decision-making competences that are exclusive to the sovereign State, those which are sometimes shared concurrently with the nation-State, and those which are to be exercised in complex patterns of sequential authority. This makes the interplay between the constitutional architecture of the various forms of political and legal association under current world order conditions, a complex and technical, but vitally important matter. Among the important outcomes of the world community process is the relatively specialized process of effective power, which involves connecting linkages between interactions and inters determination operating in micro social institutions, large-scale social formations such as the State, even larger aggregates of States, and a still larger and complex world process of effective power. It is perhaps a paradox that sovereign independence is now often accompanied by sovereign membership in various regional associations and international organizations, which juridical limits sovereignty. For example, membership in the United Nations conditions sovereignty; in other words, sovereignty cannot trump the obligations and international responsibilities of the UN. Even more prominent are State claims to associate with supranational regional compacts and, in so doing, abandon some autonomy in exchange for the benefits of membership. Examples of this include the European Union, the African Union, and the Organization of American States. The current crisis of terrorism and world order will tell as much about the changes that international law might secure for the practice of international relations based on the authority of the UN Charter. One trend however, is clear. Sovereignty as State absolutism is no longer a tenable precept in international law and international relations. Sovereignty based on the authority of peoples expectations is a vital and critical element in promoting international peace and security, enhancing human rights and is a basic element in the foundations and possibilities of good governance as well as transparent and responsible authority. To conclude this does not mean the demise of sovereignty but it means change.

Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay - Euthanasia Should Not be Legalized

Euthanasia Should Not be Legalized      Ã‚   "It is conceivable, that life can deteriorate to the point where persons lose their dignity and self-respect and are unable to communicate; life in such a form no longer meets meets the basic criteria of human- ness."   (O'Keefe, A1)   Under these circumstances only should Euthanasia be practiced and then only passively ("pulling the plug").   "Dutch Death", Euthanasia, doctor assisted suicide, whatever you want to call it, it should not be legalized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People should live their lives for as long as long as it is worth living.   As long as someone can still have experiences and communicate with others, they should go on living. Someone may have six months to live and decides to end their life rematurely, saying that they are going to die anyway, why bother with waiting.   It is the same with anyone. Everyone will eventually die, so why doesn't every one just kill themselves now?   It is because there are things they want to do and see, there is life they still have yet to experience.   The same thing is true for a terminably ill person, they could do alot in that six months. They write an autobiography or a novel, do a lot of reading or traveling, who knows?   It has been said that trials and pain make us stronger.   Even if someone is in pain, that pain could make them mentally stronger than if they give up and take the easy way out.   Life is pain, everyone goes through pain in their lives, but most stick it out to the end, not giving up taking the easy way out.   As long as a person still is able to know what is happening around them and can interact with the world around them it should be... ...hey deemed fit for death.   Then perhaps we would become like a dog or cat and instead of bothering to heal us we would just be put down.   Who knows where it would end.   These examples are pretty radical, but once we take that first step there is no telling where it will end.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sometimes change is needed in society, sometimes things must change to fit societies needs.   Some things, however, can never change;   it will always be wrong to steal, it will always be wrong to kill, and it will allways be wrong to kill someone. Works cited Henry, Sarah. "The Battle Over Assisted Suicide:   A Time to Die" California Lawyer, January, 1996 O'Keefe, Mark.   "Doctor Assisted Suicide:   Dutch Death" The Oregonian, January 8, 1995.   ppA1+ Shavelson, Lonny.   A Chosen Death;   The Dying confront Assisted Suicide, January, 1994